The year is 1972. Richard Nixon makes his historic visit to China, Charlie Chaplin returns to the US to accept an Academy Award for the first time since he was suspected of communism, in Jerusalem, The Black Panthers launch a class struggle, and in Tel Aviv, the TAU Film and Television department is founded, with the goal of educating filmmakers and television professionals, energizing the emerging Israeli culture and driving it forward.
In its first year, only 91 out of 245 applicants were admitted to this young and expensive department (expensive due to the equipment required). Of these, 40 were fortunate to get accepted to the extended B.A. track that combined practical studies with academic studies. The majority of the faculty was composed of “imported” teachers from the US and England, guest lecturers and returning Israelis and Jews who have come to settle in Israel, such as television director John Richardson and Disney studios animator Zach Schwartz. The founding of the department prompted quite a few conflicts between the stately Hebrew University of Jerusalem and its younger Tel Avivian counterpart. Differences of opinion also arose among the department’s faculty regarding the study program and curriculum. The crisis also led to a students strike – the first of several in the department's history.
Heads of department
Zachary Schwartz, Arnan Tzafrir
Notable graduates
Eitan Green, Renen Schorr, Uri Klein, Shimon Dotan, Orna Ben Dor, Nili Dotan, Meir Schnitzer, Gidi Orsher, Dalia Karpel, Yehuda Stav
The Films of the Decade
During the department’s first few years of existence, most student films were influenced by the "New Sensibility" movement in Israel and the French New Wave. The students focused on intimate and personal dramas, even in their studio exercises. This was an attempt to define an individual and personal identity within a turbulent and diverse country. Many of the films described experiences of loneliness in the big city, the search for love and belonging, and one's search for a place within the turbulent Israeli reality and culture. The cinematic language was simple as were the stories, with complexity provided by the main character and the reality surrounding him or her, as reflected through their eyes. Examples include Nahum in Nahum Glickson: Two Days in Israel by Eitan Green and Anna in Anna Passed in Town by Nili Dotan.
1967 - Construction of the Mexico Building
On March 11, 1964, the steering committee of the Tel Aviv University Senate decided to establish a Faculty of Arts. Two months later, the cornerstone was laid for the new faculty’s building, with the contribution of the Mexican Jewish community and at the initiative of Mr. Shimon (Sam) Wishnak who dedicated the building to the memory of his wife Fanny Wishnak.
On May 1967, construction was completed and the new building was inaugurated. At its entrance stands an iconic Aztec style statue, a gift from the Mexican government.
Image: courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Image: Itzhak Gertz
Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Image: Itzhak Gertz
Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
1972 - The establishment of the Faculty of Arts
The existing departments of Theater, Art History and Music were merged to form one single faculty - Faculty of Arts and Communication. Attached to them is a new department - the Department of Film and Television, which was conceived to serve as an incubator for growing and nurturing Israeli filmmakers as well as researchers into local cinema and television.
Image: courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Photo: V. Braun. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Photo: V. Braun. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Photo: Vivian Silver. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Photo: Itzhak Gertz. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
The Film Department's first year
Photo: Moshe Milner GPO
Directed by Dror Simchoni. 1972. Courtesy of the director.
1972 - A surprising contributor to the new Film department
Grace Kelly, Princess of Monaco and the unofficial princess of Hollywood, made an unexpected contribution to the young department.
Image: courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
1973 - Prof. Moshe Lazar - Dean of the Faculty of Arts (1971-1977), Head of the Film department in its first year
Lazar (1928-2012), a renowned researcher of literature and history and head of the Literature department at the Hebrew University in the 1950s and 1960s, decided in 1971 to relinquish his position in Jerusalem and move to Tel Aviv University, to serve as Dean of the new faculty.
Lazar, upon taking up his new position: "We hope that our graduates will be able to contribute to the development of the film industry in Israel, with the many local and foreign films being produced here. We want our graduates to be not only professionals, but to also have well-rounded general knowledge in the areas close to their field."
Photo: Moshe Lazar, July 1974. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University.
Yaakov Malkin
Malkin (1926 – 2019) was an Israeli writer and playwright, editor, translator, art critic and educator. In 1971, together with the Dean of the new Faculty of Arts, Prof. Moshe Lazar, he founded the Department of Film and Television at Tel Aviv University. "It is possible to make a bad film out of a good script, but I do not know any excellent film created from a bad script." Together with a group of students - Uri Klein, Gidi Orsher, Eitan Green, Irma Klein, Danny Warth and Gideon Amir - he published Close-up, a magazine focusing on the art of cinema. Meanwhile, in collaboration with Lia van Leer, he developed the Israeli Film Archive and established the first cinematheque in Haifa and later in Jerusalem. In 2004, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Jerusalem International Film Festival.
Photo: Boris Karmi. Meitar Collection, The Pritzker Family National Photography Collection, The National Library of Israel
1973 - Launch of Close-up magazine
A new film magazine, Close-up, was launched in collaboration with the Film Archive in Haifa, and was the first sign of things to come in the field of academic and critical writing in Israel. Among the members of the editorial board was Yaakov Malkin, as well students of the Film department Uri Klein and Eitan Green.
Above: The first issue of Close-up, 1973.
Below: The fifth issue of Close-up, 1978.
Dr. Regina Dreyer-Sfard - one of the pillars of the new department
Dreyer-Sfard (1910-1991), was a theater and film researcher, and a legendary lecturer at the department from the late 1960s. She studied with Sergei Eisenstein in Moscow, and taught film history at the prestigious Lodz school of cinema in Poland. After being deported from Poland and immigrating to Israel, she served as a senior cinema history and theory lecturer and was one of the first cinema researchers in Israel. In the department’s first years, she taught the history of early silent cinema.
Eitan Green: "I remember her lectures as being masterful, unlike many of the teachers in the early years, she was very knowledgeable about the material, and a legend claimed that she had taught Roman Polanski. Since she was indeed very knowledgeable, yet apparently unsure of her Hebrew, she would read the entire lesson from cards, and would even finish the lecture while looking at the cards and reading, 'Well, now the lesson is over'. Nevertheless, her lessons were extremely exciting although the subject itself was not very exciting to begin with. All of us, and there were very knowledgeable students in our class, such as Uri Klein, Meir Schnitzer and Danny Warth, drank in her words thirsty and respected her greatly."
Above: Dreyer-Sfard in Paris. Courtesy of the family.
1973 - Establishment of the first television studio
A basic studio for television productions was constructed for professional training, where students learned and experienced the various production roles.
Above: Students Natan Birk and Dror Simchoni. Photos courtesy of Dror Simchoni
1973 - Article in "Ma'ariv" about the film department
Article by Varda Chichik, Ma'ariv, 27.2.1973. "Historical Jewish Press website – www.Jpress.org.il – founded by the National Library and Tel Aviv University"
1973 - David Perlov joins the teaching faculty
Perlov (1930-2003) was an Israeli film director, one of the most prominent documentary filmmakers in Israel, and winner of the Israel Film Prize. In 1973, While shooting his acclaimed film Diary, Perlov started teaching at TAU’s Film department where he taught hundreds of students and until his retirement three decades later, acquired numerous admirers and followers. Perlov was a central figure in shaping the course of the Film department almost from its very beginning, and his extensive influence, which was passed on by his students who became lecturers themselves, is still felt to this very day.
Above: Perlov and a student by a Steenbeck editing tables. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
Above: Perlov in class, 1974. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
1973 - Nachman Ingber joins the department
Lecturer at the Film department from 1973 until his retirement in 2018. Ingber was involved in establishing the Foundation for the Encouragement of Quality Films (1979), and was responsible for its operation. In 1988, he initiated the launch of the Rabinovich Foundation’s Cinema project, and served as its artistic director for many years. Ingber is one of Israel's most prominent film critics and a respected film lecturer throughout the country. For many years, he taught the Department’s introductory course on the history of cinema in which he exposed students to his broad knowledge in a wide variety of fields and provided them with the best possible introduction to the seventh art.
Above: Ingber in the 1989 Jerusalem Film Festival by Moshe Shai. "Historical Jewish Press website – www.Jpress.org.il – founded by the National Library and Tel Aviv University"
1973 - Igal Bursztyn joins the department
Bursztyn is a film researcher, director and screenwriter. Among his films are Yeshayahu Leibowitz in Ma'alot, Letters to Felice, and Everlasting Joy. In 2020 Bursztyn was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Israel Documentary Forum. Bursztyn’s unique cinematic vision and his focus on documentary and experimental cinema added and continues to add a unique dimension to the student films in which he was involved.
Above: Igal Bursztyn. Photo: David Perlov. Courtesy of Yael Perlov
1974 - First official department head - Prof. Zachary Schwartz
Schwartz (1913-2003), born in the USA, was a former director at the Walt Disney Company and one of the founders of the UPI animation studios. He immigrated to Israel just as the department was opening, and was selected by Moshe Lazar to serve as one of the de facto heads of the newly formed department, alongside television American TV director Don Richardson.
Disagreements between the three led to Richardson's disenchantment with the management of the department, resulting in his departure from the university and the country.
Schwartz was appointed to serve as the first head of the department, a position that he held for four years.
Above: Zachary Schwartz, 1974. Courtesy of The Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University
1975 - Establishment of the large studio for advanced studies
Due to the high equipment costs associated with a filming studio, during the department’s first years, students had to make do with a rather modest studio during their studies, alongside the external studios of The Israeli Educational Television and Herzliya Studios for advanced professional training. In 1975, a larger studio with more advanced equipment was constructed next to the existing studio, which became the department’s main filming studio, for television productions as well as course exercises and films.
Above: Avinoam Damari. Photo: Dror Simchoni
1976 - Avraham Gordon is Israel's first PhD student in the field of cinema
During his studies at the department, Gordon wrote his thesis on the work of Russian director Dziga Vertov. A few years later he joined the department’s faculty, where he taught until his retirement four decades later. His focus was on Russian and Eastern European cinema, with an emphasis on the sociological and philosophical depth of cinema, all the while conducting in-depth dialogues with the students on all aspects of the creative work.
Above: Gordon, 1997. Photo: Liviu Carmely
1977 – Young Israeli Cinema ("Kaitz") group
A group of film Israeli cinephiles, including film director Judd Ne'eman (who later became head of the film department), critic and lecturer Nachman Ingber and recent department graduate Renen Schorr led the establishment, with government support, of a film fund aimed at encouraging personal and high-quality Israeli films. This step provoked anger among entertainment and commercial film makers, but was also a turning point in the history of Israeli cinema and provided the groundwork for the New Cinema Law to be enacted twenty years later.
Article by Smadar Shir, Ma'ariv, 20.2.1978. "Historical Jewish Press website – www.Jpress.org.il – founded by the National Library and Tel Aviv University"
Head of department (1978-1980, 1984) - Arnan Zafrir
Zafrir (1932-1996) began his career as a theater actor, but his love for directing took him from acting to the cinema. He studied cinema in Paris, became a documentary director, founded a small production company in Jerusalem in the 1960s, and even returned to acting in the films Floch and My Daniel. He began his tenure in the department in the 1970s teaching film production courses, and as the coordinator of the department under the leadership of Prof. Zachary Schwartz. When Schwartz’s tenure ended, Zafrir replaced him as acting head of the department for the next three years. In 1984, he returned to this position for one more academic year, but a protest by film students against the curriculum led to the termination of his position. Zafrir served as chairman of the Israeli Directors’ Guild.
Above: Zafrir in "Piano Lesson" (1975), directed by Tzipi Trope. Courtesy of the director.
1979 - Avraham Heffner joins the faculty
Heffner (1935-2014) was one of Israeli cinema’s most important filmmakers, director and screenwriter of acclaimed films such as But Where Is Daniel Wax and Aunt Clara. He was the winner of the Ophir Award for lifetime achievement. Hefner brought a fresh approach to mentoring directors and screenwriters and motivated generations of students to bring their own personal approach to creativity. His close personal relationship with his students and his uninhibited and entertaining teaching style, combined with his vast cinematic knowledge, left a deep impression on his students’ works, both during and after their studies.
1979 - The last admission exam
The last admission exam for the Department of Cinema and Television from, which relied on a portfolio and an interview. In the early 1980s, the admission exams were cancelled. According to Prof. Ne'eman's standpoint, everyone who applies to study in the department has the affinity and talent for cinema. In 1980, nearly 200 students were accepted, compared to 30 in the previous study format.